Deborah

Between 27 January and 10 July 1733, Handel had three London premieres: Orlando was premiered on 27 January, followed just under two months later on 17 March by Deborah, and then by Athalia on 10 July, the latter two being in oratorio form in English. This demonstrates the composer’s level of productivity at the start of the decade, pursuing the pace set by his previous opuses (notably the masterpieces Giulio Cesare and Rodelinda). Deborah is his second oratorio on a biblical theme in English since he settled in Britain in 1727. Spurning the Italian stars of the era, Handel turned to English singers, often products of the many excellent choirs which were legion in London at the time. There is a clear intention to forge a closer rapport with audiences by offering them a story which they can understand and probably enjoy. As was common at the time, and particularly for Handel, some elements were lifted from his earlier works, without in any way detracting from the musical and dramatic cohesion of the piece. 

Synopsis

Act 1

The Israelites long for a leader who will deliver them from the oppression of the Canaanites. The prophetess and Judge, Deborah, exhorts Barak, head of the Israelite army, to save the country from subjugation and lead an army against General Sisera, commander of the Canaanite forces. Deborah prophesies that Sisera will meet death at the hands of a woman. Jael, presented in the oratorio as a female associate of Deborah, longs for security in her homeland. The father of Barak, Abinoam, adds his voice to those asking Barak to lead an army against their oppressors. A herald arrives from Sisera, announcing the General's arrival to explain the dire consequences that will fall on the Israelites should they attack, but Deborah, Barak and their people are confident that victory will be theirs.

Act 2

Sisera and priests of Baal arrive to counsel the Israelites not to attack but Deborah and Barak reject the possibility that the God of Israel will not conquer. Abinoam looks forward with pride to his son Barak's victory, and Deborah advises her friend Jael to retire to her tent during the upcoming battle. The Israelites are confident that God will aid their arms.

Act 3

The Israelites have defeated the greatly superior forces of the Canaanites. Abinoam joyfully welcomes his victorious son back from battle. Jael announces that Sisera is dead, and relates how the defeated general sought refreshment and rest in her tent. Jael brought him milk, and when he had fallen asleep, she took a hammer and drove nails through his skull. All acclaim her action and celebrate the nation's deliverance.

Program and cast

Sung in English, subtitled in French and English
Approximate running time 3h10

Sophie Junker | Deborah
Jakub Józef Orliński | Barak
Sophia Patsi | Sisera
Wolf Matthias Friedrich | Abinoam

Ton Koopman | direction
Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir